Pre-Purchase Inspection Requirements

A thorough pre-purchase inspection (PPI) is essential for any aircraft acquisition. For international buyers who may be less familiar with US maintenance practices and aircraft history, the PPI provides critical information about the aircraft's true condition.

The inspection serves multiple purposes: verifying the aircraft's physical condition, confirming maintenance records are complete and accurate, identifying required or recommended maintenance, and providing documentation for financing and insurance.

Pre-purchase inspections are typically categorized into phases. A Phase 1 inspection includes records review and visual inspection of the aircraft. Phase 2 adds borescope inspection of engines. Phase 3 includes operational checks and test flight. Phase 4 encompasses detailed teardown inspections of specific components.

For most transactions, a Phase 1-3 inspection provides sufficient information. Phase 4 inspections are typically reserved for older aircraft or when specific concerns arise during earlier phases.

Choose a facility that is authorized by the aircraft manufacturer and has extensive experience with the specific aircraft type. Independence is important - the facility should have no relationship with the seller that could compromise objectivity.

For international buyers, selecting a facility in a convenient location can simplify logistics. However, the facility's expertise and reputation should take priority over convenience.

Obtain quotes from multiple facilities, but compare scope of work carefully. The cheapest inspection may not include all necessary checks.

The records review is often the most important part of the inspection. Complete and accurate records are essential for maintaining aircraft value and ensuring airworthiness.

Key records include aircraft logbooks, engine and APU logbooks, all airworthiness directive compliance records, service bulletin compliance records, major repair and alteration documentation, weight and balance data, and equipment lists.

Gaps or inconsistencies in records can significantly impact aircraft value and may indicate underlying maintenance issues. Back-to-birth records (complete records from manufacture) command a premium in the market.

The inspection report will categorize findings into different levels of concern. Items may be classified as airworthiness items requiring correction before flight, recommended items for optimal operation, cosmetic items affecting appearance but not function, and informational items for future planning.

Use the inspection report as a negotiating tool. Significant findings may justify price reductions or seller-funded repairs. Your aviation attorney can advise on appropriate approaches.

International buyers should consider having a representative present during the inspection, whether a trusted advisor, aircraft management company, or consultant. This ensures your interests are represented and allows for real-time discussion of findings.

Language barriers can be addressed by working with inspection facilities experienced with international clients. Written reports should be clear and detailed enough for translation if needed.